If any input is вЂњlowвЂќ (0), the output will go вЂњhighвЂќ (1). In such cases, the same general principle applies: the output will be вЂњlowвЂќ (0) if and only if all inputs are вЂњhighвЂќ (1).

The truth table for a NAND gate is as one might expect, exactly opposite as that of an AND gate:ДЄs with AND gates, NAND gates are made with more than two inputs.

To symbolize this output signal inversion, the NAND gate symbol has a bubble on the output line. The word вЂњNANDвЂќ is a verbal contraction of the words NOT and AND.Д®ssentially, a NAND gate behaves the same as an AND gate with a NOT (inverter) gate connected to the output terminal. It is only with all inputs raised to вЂњhighвЂќ logic levels that the AND gateвЂ™s output goes вЂњhigh,вЂќ thus energizing the LED for only one out of the four input combination states.ДЄ variation on the idea of the AND gate is called the NAND gate. An LED (Light-Emitting Diode) provides visual indication of the output logic level: What this truth table means in practical terms is shown in the following sequence of illustrations, with the 2-input AND gate subjected to all possibilities of input logic levels. In case you might have been wondering, AND gates are made with more than three inputs, but this is less common than the simple two-input variety.ДЄ two-input AND gateвЂ™s truth table looks like this: If any input(s) is вЂњlowвЂќ (0), the output is guaranteed to be in a вЂњlowвЂќ state as well. One of the easiest multiple-input gates to understand is the AND gate, so-called because the output of this gate will be вЂњhighвЂќ (1) if and only if all inputs (first input and the second input and. The actual TTL circuitry of these different gates will be explored in subsequent sections. Each basic gate type will be presented in this section, showing its standard symbol, truth table, and practical operation. Since so many combinations are possible with just a few input terminals, there are many different types of multiple-input gates, unlike single-input gates which can only be inverters or buffers. Now, instead of merely inverting or amplifying ( buffering) a single вЂњhighвЂќ or вЂњlowвЂќ logic level, the output of the gate will be determined by whatever combination of 1вЂ™s and 0вЂ™s is present at the input terminals. This increase in the number of possible input states obviously allows for more complex gate behavior. The number of possible input states is equal to two to the power of the number of inputs: With a single-input gate such as the inverter or buffer, there can only be two possible input states: either the input is вЂњhighвЂќ (1) or it is вЂњlowвЂќ (0).ДЄs was mentioned previously in this chapter, a two input gate has four possibilities (00, 01, 10, and 11). What more can be done with a single logic signal but to buffer it or invert it? To explore more logic gate possibilities, we must add more input terminals to the circuit(s).ДЄdding more input terminals to a logic gate increases the number of input state possibilities. In the end, the uprising functioned as a palimpsest upon which the multiple motivations and desires of its participants, in their broad social, political and personal contexts, were written and overwritten.Inverters and buffers exhaust the possibilities for single-input gate circuits.

Finally, the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War allowed uprising leaders to recast the uprising as a patriotic movement, seeking equality for the Miao of West Hunan by the abolition of the tuntian system and offering the mobilization of uprising forces for service at the front once this goal was achieved. The uprising consequently drew the attention of Nationalist Party factions who saw it as an opportunity to use the uprising to undermine the provincial governor in the interest of their own centralizing state-building project. The uprising arose opportunistically in the context of a struggle over the resources of this system between the warlord of West Hunan and a provincial governor whose provincial state-building project sought to end the region's long political autonomy. Surviving anachronistically into the twentieth century, the military land rents of this system formed a base for warlord power on Hunan's western frontier. The target of the uprising was a tuntian system formed from confiscated Miao lands in the early nineteenth century to support a military system defending against Miao disturbances. This paper examines how an ethnic Miao uprising in West Hunan in 1937 became the site for the interaction of a broad range of competing local, provincial, and national interests.

Revolt no z buffer available